Ceresana has published their latest paints and coatings market survey. Chapter 1 presents and analyses the global market for paints and coatings – including forecasts up to 2030. The development of revenues, demand and production are outlined for each world region, and the market figures on consumption are divided according to applications, product types, and technologies. In addition, the regional markets for paints and coatings are broken downinto, and analysed by, the application, and the demand for each product type is examined separately. In Chapter 2, sixteen countries are analysed in detail according to demand of paints and coatings, export, import, production, and revenues.
The market data on consumption volumes per country are analysed according to the individual paint types, and technologies, e.g.
• Waterborne
• Solvent-borne
• Powder coatings
• Others
Finally, Chapter 3 offers a useful index of 119 major manufacturers of paints and coatings, clearly organised according to contact details, revenues, profits, product range, production sites and a brief company profile.
According to the press release, over the last decade, it has been established that chlorine-induced corrosion is affecting some of the major structures at NSW Ports, including Sydney Harbour and Port Botany, Australia’s largest container port.
As a result, NSW Ports commissioned Infracorr to design a CP system for use at BLB1, which is located at Port Botany and contains hazardous gas pipelines. The project also included the repair of defective concrete structures which were suffering from the effects of corrosion and concrete spalling in the many pre-stressed beams and headstocks of the various bridges and catwalks at the port.
The CP system needed to be designed to allow for tight control of the currents and voltages used across the site, due to the presence of hazardous materials in the environment on an ongoing basis, meaning that any stray sparks caused by excess voltages and currents could become an ignition source for a major fire or explosion, and that as many of the structures present are constructed using pre-stressed concrete, it was extremely important that all electrical currents applied were carefully controlled to avoid structural damage caused by over protection.
One of the big technical challenges for the project was that there was no off-the-shelf CP system available that had certification for use in zone 1 classified hazardous areas, which meant that a bespoke system had to be designed that met the cathodic protection objectives, including dealing with the challenge of prestressed concrete, and that could be certified to meet the necessary requirements under AS60079 regulations.
The system designed for use at BLB1 by Infracorr, was a hybrid CP system that combined the properties of both passive galvanic and impressed current cathodic protection. It works by inserting specially designed anodes directly into the structure in a matrix. A voltage is then applied to force salt migration from the steel to the anode and passivate the zone, and when the zone is sufficiently charged, the power source is disconnected, and the sacrificial anodes are left to operate galvanically, providing passive protection to the structure.
The system relies on remote monitoring technology to provide asset managers with ongoing reassurance that it is operating as intended, and corrosion levels are under control, and to deliver this, Omniflex were asked to advise on the remote monitoring aspects of the design.
Because this was the first large scale implementation of hybrid CP used in a working hazardous area anywhere in the world, some components needed certification for the design to meet the requirements of AS60079 as an intrinsically safe certified system, which was subsequently obtained.
System performance and corrosion levels are continuously monitored 24/7 using 24 remote monitoring units situated throughout the site, each with the capacity to monitor 16 structures. This should ensure that the integrity of BLB1 is maintained, and the berth remains reliable and available to handle NSW’s growing bulk liquid trade volumes for the next 50 years. For further information, visit www.omniflex.com
KAEFER UK and Ireland, has announced that it has secured a long-term, £22m contract with Babcock, to provide technical surface protection to the Royal Navy’s newest frigate, the Type 31.
The shipbuilding programme which will continue until 2028, brings continuity of work for KAEFER’s existing industrial services workforce at Babcock’s Rosyth facilities, with new employment opportunities and prosperity for the local economy.
KAEFER will apply over 510,000m2of specialist paint coatings, providing skilled jobs for an additional 70 painters and support staff. With this work forming part of the build programme, KAEFER’s expertise, highest quality standards and long history of delivering ship support services safely, on time and on budget, is vital.
Sean Donaldson, Managing Director, Marine Engineering and Systems, Babcock International Group said: “The contract with KAEFER, to supply the Type 31 programme, builds upon years of collaboration between our organisations. New painting, protection and digitilisation technology will be deployed within a working arrangement, to deliver a successful project for our end customer, the UK Royal Navy.”
Image courtesy of Babcock International Group.
Marine Corrosion and Cathodic
Protection, Ist Edition
By Dr Chris Coogan
Cathodic protection (CP) mitigates the high cost of steel and other alloys corroding in seawater and seabed sediments. Marine Corrosion and Cathodic Protection is a comprehensive guide to corrosion issues and presents methodologies to tackle common offshore code-based CP designs. Advanced theory is developed for non-routine CP applications, with and without subsea coating systems.
The interactions between CP and the fatigue and hydrogen embrittlement characteristics of alloys are explained. Sacrificial (or galvanic) anodes and impressed current systems are examined, followed by descriptions of successful and unsuccessful applications on petroleum installations, harbours, jetties, pipelines, windfarm foundations, ships, and floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) structures. Retrofit CP systems for the life extension of assets, together with methods for applying CP internally in both static and flowing systems are evaluated. A critical review of the role of physical and computational modelling in CP design and evaluation addresses the more geometrically complex applications. Techniques for, and limitation of, CP surveying, inspection and monitoring, are explained in the context of system management.
This book is ideal for engineers, designers, manufacturers, equipment suppliers and operators of offshore CP systems.
The author, Dr Chris Googan, is an AMPP International Accredited Corrosion Specialist. After graduating in chemistry, and spending several years in the steel and
copper industries, and in the protective coatings industry, he became a freelance corrosion engineering consultant. His experience of corrosion, materials, coatings and cathodic protection has been gained in over 40 countries.
Published by CRC Press, ISBN 9781032105819. Price £13
A recent report details the results of testing by the Michigan Technological University into the surface chemistry of early-stage rust and the development of a more precise method to observe the formation of iron mineral corrosion with water and oxygen.
The study, “Effect of Cations on the Oxidation and Atmospheric Corrosion of Iron Interfaces to Minerals,” was recently published in The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, and theresearchers hope that a better understanding of this process will aid with carbon dioxide capture, uncover polluted water systems and improve infrastructure like bridges and pipelines.
According to MTU, the main finding is that cations in solution, such as positively charged sodium or calcium ions, influence the type of carbonate films grown when exposed to air. With gradual exposure to oxygen and carbon dioxide, the carbonate films produced are specific to the cation.
The new technique is a three-stage process, assessing changes to the electrolyte composition and using oxygen and carbon dioxide from air as a reactant, to observe real-time formation of the different minerals like rust observed at the air-liquid-solid interface.
Cortec® has developed VpCI®-337, as an alternative to nitrogen blanketing for easy, effective corrosion protection of void spaces.
Nitrogen purge or nitrogen blanketing is commonly used to protect metal void spaces from corrosion by replacing the oxygen with nitrogen gas. However, nitrogen gas is expensive it requires constant pressure with an airtight seal, and leaks may also pose a safety hazard for personnel. In contrast, according to the company, VpCI®-337 is much safer, cost-effective, and easy to apply and maintain option. It is a waterborne vapour phase corrosion inhibitor that can be applied by fogging into metal void spaces. The fogging fluid diffuses throughout the void and is attracted to metal surfaces where the VCI “condenses” and form a protective molecular layer. This layer inhibits the corrosion reaction on the metal surfaces even in the presence of oxygen and residual moisture. The space must be completely closed for the corrosion inhibitors to be effective, but an air-tight seal is not required as for nitrogen purge, continued the company.
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